< PreviousSERVICE SPECIALWith This Ad expires 12/31/17$69www.AffordableAirTX.com409.925.8275TACLBO22538EAFFORDABLEAIR & HEATFINANCING AVAILABLEFREE ESTIMATESWE ARE HERE FOR YOUWHEN YOU NEED US!LET US INSTALL A MORE EFFICIENT A/CSYSTEM WITH A 10 YEAR WARRANTY!SERVICING YOUR CITY SINCE 1994!1703 BROADWAY • GALVESTON, TEXAS Congratulations to The Daily NewsRent • Sales • RepairMAINLAND TOOLFAST • FRIENDLY • LOCAL2830 TEXAS AVE., TEXAS CITY409-948-4497MAINLANDTOOLStore Hours: Mon-Fri: 7am-6pm24 Hour Call Out Service Availablemainlandtool.comCongratulationsTO TEXAS’ OLDEST NEWSPAPER! 175 YEARS & STILL GOING STRONG!60 | The Daily News | Celebrating 175 Years ®™The DOW Diamond Logo is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company © 2017www.dow.comDow combines the power of science and technology to help address many of the world’s most challenging problems. 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EdMonSon2501 65th St., Suite B, Galveston, TX 409-744-0816 susan@edmonsonlaw.comBoard Certified Family Law – TBLS• Family Law • Wills & Probates • Saturday morning appointments available in Galveston OfficeLaw offices of Celebrating 175 Years | The Daily News | 6162 | The Daily News | Celebrating 175 Years Celebrating 175 Years | The Daily News | 63(ABOVE) John Rodriguez attaches plates to the press at The Daily News. (LEFT) The Daily News’ press runs. JENNIFER REYNOLDSInformation International Inc., also referred to as Triple-I, developed the first functional front-end system for newspapers.The Triple-I system replaced technology that had allowed an editor to produce stories on what was known as 5-punch tape — lengthy strips of coded paper — and later onto floppy disks, both of which a machine could read and print to photo paper, which it ran out ready to be trimmed and waxed and laid onto grids the size of a newspaper page, eliminating the need for physical typesetting.“Carmage Walls was an early adopter,” said Southern Newspapers Inc. President Dolph Tillotson, The Daily News president and publisher from 1987 to 2011. “The Galveston Daily News in the late 1960s and early ’70s was very progressive in terms of technology, and still is today.”Walls was among the first newspaper owners to adopt the Triple-I system, which required terminals with large-screen monitors at which page designers, with the use of a mouse — a relatively new invention at the time — digitally drew every line and placed every headline and the stories below them, every photograph, everything, in fact, exactly as the reader would see it the next morning in print.The Triple-I terminals were connected to mainframe computers that processed the designers’ efforts into full-size, camera-ready page images, which still had to be burned onto plates to be affixed to the press.THERMAL IMAGINGTwo subsequent developments furthered pre-press efficiency.The first was desktop publishing, allowing design editors to generate digital pages on any PC or Apple Macintosh loaded with page-layout software.The second was the invention of thermal imaging to make the thin, metal plates on which those digital pages took physical form.The Daily News uses one such thermal-imaging platesetter, a Kodak Trendsetter News machine, which eliminates the need to produce film negatives of pages to be burned onto plates.The Trendsetter allows page designers, after digitally creating a page, to send it directly to the platesetter, which transfers their work onto preloaded plates. The individual plates then emerge at the end of the automated process ready to be hung on the press.“Now, the page images go directly to plate,” Cochrane said of the Kodak Trendsetter technology, which The Daily News began using shortly before he retired in 2014 after half a century at the paper.“It’s really hard to imagine how much things have changed in 50 years,” he said. “It’s almost mind-boggling.”64 | The Daily News | Celebrating 175 Years The following letter was written by founder Carmage Walls. It remains surprisingly fresh and is a cornerstone of our com-pany’s philosophy and approach to newspaper work.MEMO FROM THE DESK OF CARMAGE WALLS“This letter was written by me to a young man who was coming into a publishership. I had not had the opportunity of giving him my personal beliefs about the operation of a newspaper. I thought it might be useful in introducing myself, so that you might also get this in capsule form.”Carmage WallsJune 1953Dear ------:I have not had the opportunity of discussing with you my personal philosophy about service, personal and as a newspa-per man, nor have we discussed much the philosophy about printing a newspaper.First, my personal philosophy is rather simple. It is that wealth cannot be made by doing nothing, nor can we expect long to acquire something for nothing. Therefore, I have always striven to earn more, or to put it another way to give more into the world than I expect to take out for my own use and for the use of those that I am responsible for.The same philosophy will partly apply to the newspaper. My conception of a newspaper is that it is the greatest force for good or evil in a community. It is a semi-public utility. We who are fortunate in holding stock in a newspaper I con-sider but temporary custodians of this service vehicle in the community. By our ownership of the stock we also assume tremendous responsibilities, first to the public that we service, second to the employees and lastly to the stockholders.We who are responsible for the publication of newspapers must have the courage to never connive with special interests against the interest and welfare of the mass of people that we serve. We must have the courage to do that which may be unpleasant to maintain the health of the whole being of the newspaper.And to maintain the health nothing can do this so much as first keeping our minds on the matter of service to the mass that we serve, and second keeping the property in the black financially enough so that you cannot ever feel that you can be coerced into doing that which you feel should not be done or leave undone that which should be done for the better-ment of our communities and our newspaper.With these things in mind, then we can approach the prob-lem objectively.As publisher, to bring this about on the Elizabethton Star, the financial health, that is, you should do the following:Study each department of the newspaper and see if it is operating efficiently. Determine if the attitude of the employ-ees of each department is optimistic and one that understands the opportunity for service that they hold. If they do not they should be sold on these opportunities or eventually failing that, they should be replaced.Where unnecessary functions are being performed or un-necessary positions being filled these should be eliminated. Where luxury items or duplicate services are being bought and not used, these should be pared down to the necessities and what the Elizabethton Star can afford. Keep in mind that we are not able to print a big town paper on a small town economy and potential. But, also keep in mind that we want to strive for one of the best newspapers in cities of our size.After the above things have been done, then it is time to look to the additional revenue. So many newspapers make a big and continuing effort to sell display lineage and overlook other opportunities to add to their profit or income.Look at your circulation and see that there is no waste. That is always a possible source of losing revenue through loose handling of the department or letting money that should end in the cash register vanish into thin air. Attain efficiency in the department that does not curtail service. Hold subscribers that can be handled at least on a break-even basis.Look to the national advertising selling. Just because we have a contract with a national rep., do not sit back and cuss him for lack of performance. We have proven that national is also sold locally. Let’s arrange to have that worked to its maximum and when the national rep. that we have finishes his contract we will join our own.Look to the classified department. My theory on the selling of classified is that the last dollars that you squeeze out of this department, that if the selling cost of and composing production and newsprint on which to print these last ads do not cost more than 50 cents of each sales dollar, that the remainder will go into the profit column. On the face of this it seems contradictory, but when you consider that if you do not sell this additional copy, that it does not reduce your fixed costs of printing, such as rent, editorial and other costs, you will then see the soundness of the theory. I have proven it to my own satisfaction.And then lastly look to the development of new business in the display department. The same philosophy that I have applied to Classified will also apply to new business created or special advertising sold in the display department.I developed a policy in Macon, Georgia, where I last was directly a publisher of a newspaper, that provided for the following: After we were absolutely sure that the salesmen that we had on the job were as good as we could obtain and that they were doing a maximum day’s work, then after that we would add another salesman. We did not divide up the accounts with this new salesman. He was ploughing strictly in new ground. If he was good enough to bring in the first month twice the amount of his salary, from strictly new ground that would not have been worked by the older sales-men, then we kept him on and watched him. If he continued to grow from that point, we kept him on as a regular.Another important thing that the manager of a newspaper must do is to have the courage to review his rates and to not be afraid to charge what his product is worth on the one hand and what he must charge to make a good profit on the other. And a correct charge does not mean what a neigh-boring newspaper may be charging. It might have a coward THE CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY OF CARMAGE WALLSCarmage Walls at his desk. DAILY NEWS FILE Celebrating 175 Years | The Daily News | 65for a manager, who does not have the courage to charge what he should. That kind of manager will beat down his employees pay, print an inferior product rather than face his advertisers with a bill that would make it possible for him to pay fair wages, print a decent newspaper and make a good profit.And by good profit I mean one that is fairly large in these days of lush economy. If we do not make a good profit now, what shall happen to us when and if things are not as good economically as they are now?My theory on the lowest rate to quantity advertisers is ar-rived at as follows: From total expense and that means all ex-pense on the P&L statement, deduct circulation and all other non-advertising revenue. Divide into this remaining cost the number of paid advertising inches for the period under con-sideration. This will give you the cost per inch that advertising must carry in order to print. Some people will come up with the argument that department store advertising and other types should have special consideration because they are not as hard to set, etc. This is a fallacious theory. If you have any advertisers that go below this formula, you would do well to act as rapidly as possible to bring them up within it.And finally if it is necessary to raise rates in order to have the financial health that is desirable, then raise the rates as rapidly and as definitely as necessary.Because a person was on the job when we take over the management of a newspaper does not mean necessarily that he is best fitted to that particular job. And sometimes we find people that are not fitted to the newspaper business. The correction of these situations are always difficult.However, when we consider that the quality of the product, that we are delivering to our subscribers is involved, and the permanence and welfare of those employees who do fit and earn their place, and when finally we know that a person who is a misfit in a job is usually unhappy, that we serve all three of these factors including the misfit employees when the situation is corrected.I have been accused of being tough in my approach to this particular type of situation. However, in all my experience I have not made a change in such a situation but that the per-son involved was done a great favor.Let’s hope that you do not have any such as one of your particular problems.Very sincerely, Carmage WallsP.S. And finally the formula for making a profit becomes ridiculously simple. Just,SPEND LESS MONEY THAN YOU TAKE IN.And it can be done.“MY CONCEPTION OF A NEWSPAPER IS THAT IT IS THE GREATEST FORCE FOR GOOD OR EVIL IN A COMMUNITY. IT IS A SEMI-PUBLIC UTILITY. WE WHO ARE FORTUNATE IN HOLDING STOCK IN A NEWSPAPER I CONSIDER BUT TEMPORARY CUSTODIANS OF THIS SERVICE VEHICLE IN THE COMMUNITY. BY OUR OWNERSHIP OF THE STOCK WE ALSO ASSUME TREMENDOUS RESPONSIBILITIES, FIRST TO THE PUBLIC THAT WE SERVICE, SECOND TO THE EMPLOYEES AND LASTLY TO THE STOCKHOLDERS.”CARMAGE WALLS66 | The Daily News | Celebrating 175 Years This article, no spoiler here, was written by a human being; 100 years from now, that most likely won’t be the case.Software companies are working feverishly to perfect so-called artificial intelligence, electronic networks that employ algorithms and vast databanks to mimic human neural systems — brains — and the thinking they produce.Already, such machines are being used to translate one language into another, with increasing accuracy.Voice recognition software — think Apple’s digital assistant, Siri, or Google’s prosaically named Assistant — can convert human conversation to printed form, be it on paper or relayed digitally from one computer to another. Moreover, both can respond to verbal questions, often with verbal answers.A century from now, such machines will have been installed in courtrooms, in corporate and governmental meeting rooms and anywhere else that events transpire.Connected to databases that incorporate hundreds of thousands of news accounts that such systems’ increasingly sophisticated algorithms can mimic, they will be able to autonomously produce newspaper stories and make such accounts available at the touch of a finger.Newspapers and magazines by then will be relics confined to museums and archives; some of those will be converted to digital files, a process underway today.Readers will be able to click on any story they care to visually access or, alternatively, they’ll be able to verbally request the same story and have it played through a speck of a speaker inserted in the ear, a device far smaller than even the least obtrusive hearing aids available today.With a separate audio command, that story will be sent to those with whom the listener cares to share it.MAN VS. MACHINEIn 2004, a computer engineer and preternaturally gifted “Jeopardy!” contestant named Ken Jennings won 74 consecutive games on the television show, displaying a stunningly diverse knowledge of all manners of trivia.Yet, in 2011, an IBM supercomputer named Watson — in honor of the company’s visionary chief Thomas J. Watson — routed the prodigy.With 15 terabytes of reference data to draw on, and a programmed ability to learn from its failures — for instance, misinterpreting the nature of a clue, confusing, say, edible peanuts for the comic strip Peanuts — Watson rarely makes the same mistake twice.System designers envision Watson, armed with voice recognition and a voice of its own, lightning processing speed and the tremendous volume of information it can instantly draw on, serving someday as a tool in any number of industries.Already, similar machines are making complex medical diagnoses and rapidly distilling prodigious amounts of economic data to place winning bets on financial markets.Journalism, while still requiring discernment, deep knowledge of the subject at hand, an ability to gather information, orally and through documents, nevertheless should be a piece of cake for such machines to produce.Already, too, newspapers are invested in digitally distributing the information reporters and editors gather and develop.Of course, the same articles still appear in printed newspapers.In 2117, however, that will no longer be the case.YES, WRITINGAll journalism a century from now will be available only in digital formats, the machines that produce it having cross-checked and double-checked every word, every statistic, every name in the articles they “write.”A century from now, the quote marks around the word write will be unnecessary; it will be a matter of fact that machines write, and that they write well.After all, what Jennings, in comparison with that of his opponent, called “my puny human brain” — albeit one capable of turning a vast knowledge of trivia into more than $3 million in game-show winnings — was no match for Watson, not even close.One wonders, then, just what chance will mere ink-stained wretches have against Watson’s progeny?Of course, it is unlikely that anyone reading this today will be alive in 2117 to confirm such a phenomenon, and it’s true that a crystal ball’s spherical nature distorts whatever is viewed through it.Besides, there is no such thing as a magical crystal ball.Magical machines, now, that’s a whole different matter.How news will be generated, distributed in 2117A GLIMPSE INTO THE FUTUREBY TOM BASSING Celebrating 175 Years | The Daily News | 67In the months immediately following The Daily News’ debut on April 11, 1842, the local newspaper boasted little, actually, in the way of local news.A reader was more likely to find accounts from elsewhere cribbed from newspapers arriving from New Orleans aboard this steamer or that.Now, there was some local coverage: an announcement, perhaps, of a vaudeville set to appear at the Tremont House and a listing of ships arriving at and departing from the Galveston wharves, but not much else.That, of course, has changed, beginning with the arrival in 1844 of Willard Richardson, a former schoolmaster turned journalist, who the paper’s owners brought on as editor.Richardson embraced a livelier approach, replacing opinion — most newspapers of the era served as soapboxes from which their owners could loudly espouse their beliefs — in favor of actual news, preferably from Galveston and the surrounding region.He also made it clear that the paper, rather than parroting the campaign oratory of any political party, would maintain its independence, supporting only policies he deemed as benefiting the readership.He also championed community service and envisioned Texas as someday becoming an economic center, and worked to bring that about. He looked out over the sprawling, thinly populated state — home in 1850 to fewer than 213,000 people, less than a person per square mile — and saw opportunity.Through the pages of The Daily News, Richardson began promoting the availability in Texas of vast tracts of land, pastureland and cropland alike, and, too, of merchants’ willingness to extend credit to homesteaders.As the community grew and prospered, he reasoned, so, too, would the paper.Fully 175 years later, The Daily News, the oldest in the state, stands witness to Richardson’s vision.A CHANGING EMPHASISAt most papers in those pioneering days, publishers and editors contented themselves with augmenting those articles poached from other papers with whatever handwritten items travelers and friends brought in.Few people were employed as reporters, charged with getting out and about and discovering stories to be told and telling them. Richardson began to change that.The Daily News was the first newspaper in the state to hire a stable of writers to aggressively seek out and report the goings-on within the paper’s broad circulation area, which at one point encompassed much of the state.Richardson took it upon himself to travel, on horseback, to wherever the paper circulated, reporting on residents’ happenings.Moreover, he recruited a network of correspondents in towns to which telegraph wires extended.The paper in 1866, shortly after the flames of the Civil War had been extinguished, carried the first dispatch to arrive from Europe by undersea cable, and worked to organize a mutual association of journalists, joining with newspapers throughout the rebuilding nation to share accounts of what was occurring where they circulated.After fits and starts, The Associated Press — its first tender shoots emerged in 1846 during the Mexican War — reorganized in 1900, and The Daily News signed on as a charter member.Yet, even at that, news from elsewhere then arrived only at the speed of the telegraph, a few dots and dashes at a time. It wasn’t until the advent of the teletype, a machine capable of converting electronic signals into printed letters — their feverish clattering falling pleasurably on the ears of harried editors — that vast volumes of information from elsewhere became readily available.REDEFINING NEWSOver time, the very nature of news has evolved.At one point early on, accounts of the deliberations and actions of governmental bodies were considered virtually all the news readers needed or desired.THE DEFINITION OF NEWS HAS EVOLVED, AS HAS ITS PRESENTATIONThe oldest existing edition of The Daily News, published April 19, 1842. The Daily News debuted eight days beforehand on April 11. DAILY NEWS FILEBY TOM BASSINGLocated NearCarbide Parkoff FM 519 at7301 Memorial Dr.in HitchcockExit Vauthierwest to 519 West(409) 986-7409After ninety-two years of yesterdays, tomorrow still matters…Founded in 1925 409-741-93001021 61st Street, Ste. 500-B, Galveston, TX 77551The Key to Home LoansWe offer a variety of loan programs, including Doctor Loans, Renovation Loans, Homestyle and Homeready Loans, JUMBO Loans as well as the standard FHA, Conventional, VA, and USDA LoansSusana FinkelRMLO 628242sfinkel@securemortgagecompany.comCongratulations to The Daily NewsSECUREMORTGAGE COMPANYNMLS # 70160SIDNEY TREGRE, CNE SINCE 1976SALES AND RENTALSBuying and selling your home is what I do best!Way to Go The Daily News! 175 Years!409.392.1013 or 409.763.8030Realtor, The House CompanySUBMIT YOURASSIGNMENTSWE OFFER:832-410-4585www.submityourassignments.orginfo@submityourassignments.org• Resume/College Resume Application • Essay Writing• Writing Help • Study Guide Submit Your Assignments LoyaltyApp Available on• Term Paper (research paper, proposal)• Business Plans • Mobile Notary • Discussions/Coursework • Custom Essays (analytical, persuasive, argumentative, rhetorical, expository, creative, resume, annotated bibliography, etc.)68 | The Daily News | Celebrating 175 Years THE DAILY NEWS8522 Teichman Road, Galveston, TX 77554 409.683.5200 • GalvNews.comTexas’ Oldest NewspaperCelebrating 175 years and getting better with ageWhether it’s newsprint or glossy, our niche is award-winning community journalismAir Conditioning andHeating Since 19591000 FM 646 NDickinson,TXTACLA 21270C 1213 14th St.Galveston, TXTACLA 9728C www.bosworthac.com409-762-5641 • 281-337-5554Free Estimates On New & Replacement Equipment• Service All Makes & ModelsRegister Now for Fallwww.com.edu/startCongratulations on your 175th anniversary of serving the community! 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A Registered Broker/Dealer Memeber FINRA, SIPC Advisory Services Offered Through Investacorp Advisory Services, Inc., A SEC Registered Investment Advisory Firm175 Years And CountingCONGRATULATIONSGalveston County Daily News!United Way Galveston County Mainland2800 Texas Avenue, Texas City409-948-4211www.uwgcm.org Celebrating 175 Years | The Daily News | 69Next >